By Dr Desmond S. T. Nicholl
During this 3rd version of his well known undergraduate-level textbook, Des Nicholl recognises sound grab of easy ideas is essential in any creation to genetic engineering. consequently, in addition to being completely up-to-date, the publication additionally keeps its specialise in the elemental rules utilized in gene manipulation. The textual content is split into 3 sections: half I offers an advent to the correct uncomplicated molecular biology; half II, the equipment used to govern genes; and half III, functions of the expertise. there's a new bankruptcy dedicated to the rising significance of bioinformatics as a unique self-discipline. different extra good points comprise textual content bins, which spotlight vital features of subject matters mentioned, and bankruptcy summaries, which come with goals and studying results. those, besides key note listings, idea maps and a word list, will allow scholars to tailor their learn to fit their very own studying types and finally achieve an organization seize of a subject matter that scholars typically locate tough.
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Extra resources for An introduction to genetic engineering
Example text
10 The principle of nucleic acid hybridisation. This feature of DNA molecules is a critical part of many of the procedures involved in gene manipulation and is also an essential feature of life itself. Thus, the simple G · C and A · T base pairing (see Fig. 4) has profound implications for living systems and for the applications of recombinant DNA technology. DNA sequence elements can be used in genome mapping and DNA profiling in Chapters 10 and 12. 2 Genome organisation The C-value paradox and the sequence complexity of eukaryotic genomes raise questions about how genomes are organised.
The cluster is controlled by a promoter (P) and an operator region (O). The operator is the binding site for the repressor protein, encoded by the lacI gene (i). The repressor gene lies outside the operon itself and is controlled by its own promoter, Pi . Genes in prokaryotes tend to be grouped together in operons, with several genes under the control of a single regulatory region. 16:16 21 P1: SBT 9780521850063c02 22 CUUS128/Nicholl 978 0 521 85006 3 March 11, 2008 THE BASIS OF GENETIC ENGINEERING operon there are three genes that code for proteins (termed structural genes) and an upstream control region encompassing the promoter and a regulatory site called the operator.
This system is flexible and efficient, and it enables the cell to adapt quickly to changing environmental conditions. 3 Gene structure in eukaryotes Eukaryotic genes tend to be more complex than prokaryotic genes and often contain intervening sequences (introns). The introns form part of the primary transcript, which is converted to the mature mRNA by RNA processing. A major defining feature of eukaryotic cells is the presence of a membrane-bound nucleus, within which the DNA is stored in the form of chromosomes.